More gems from @robkhenderson: Anthropologist David Gilmore, in his book, *Manhood in the Making*, "argues that masculinity is not a biological given but a cultural achievement—one imposed on boys through testing, instruction, and often hardship. Left unguided, boys tend toward apathy, self-indulgence, and an aversion to responsibility. Contrary to the belief that males are naturally ambitious and risk-seeking, Gilmore shows that societies have long used rituals and norms to cultivate these traits in young men." In other words, "a boy... must prove he is a man—through work, risk, sacrifice, and service. In traditional societies, this meant demonstrating value to the group. Today, however, the scaffolding that once guided boys into manhood has eroded. The expectations once placed on young men—to work hard, support others, and pursue self-mastery—have largely disappeared. As a result, many are adrift." 🎯🎯