I’ve noticed I retain far more from reading than from watching or listening. Probably 2–3x more. I enjoy podcasts but often only remember a few moments from the episodes, or some fun stories that guests might share. But with books or essays, I usually remember the main argument and how the author made it. Some people say handwritten notes help with retention, especially for video content. I haven’t tried that myself, but it makes sense. Writing forces you to stop and think.