Speaking of onchain* what’s the actual difference between onchain and offchain? - many independent operators need to be hacked for the service to violate its promises - measurably high cost of carrying out such an attack One basic promise is that money won’t be stolen from you while you’re asleep. But since users want more out of onchain apps than a secure piggybank, another equally basic promise is tx finality — that once confirmed, a tx won’t revert. Or that real-time update you just read from the app is accurate. If an app wants to simultaneously provide these services with good UX (fast, low latency) and onchain-grade security, then it isn’t enough to be a rollup, it needs to be a rollup on a *fast base layer* that provides *fast finality*. Ethereum is a very slow base layer. But fortunately it’s possible for rollups to use an another faster base layer, while still keeping the benefit of having a liquidity bridge to Eth mainnet. In fact they could have multiple liquidity bridges, to Solana, Avalanche, Agglayer, etc, at the same time.