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Let's talk about Powell's press conference in the early morning. One could say Powell is playing Tai Chi, but it can't be said that he is hawkish. Two points: 1. His previous strong and hawkish statements and tone were definitely not the indecisive state we saw this morning; they were very resolute.
2. The arrangement for Waller and Bowman, the two board members who voted against the interest rate decision (supporting a rate cut), to speak in the past couple of days suggests that if he were to be hawkish, he should have arranged for the hawkish members to speak first to reinforce his neutral stance at the press conference, and then let the dovish members take the stage to guide market expectations without causing a major shock. However, he specifically mentioned at the press conference that the two dissenting voters are expected to explain their opinions in the next day or two.
The Federal Reserve has its independence and decision-making mechanisms, as well as thresholds related to the implementation of monetary policy. As the chair, he cannot publicly align with the wishes of the executive branch; this is a matter of professional ethics (and the reasons for not cutting rates now can also be justified). However, the president's opinions and inflation data (which are still moderate) will still influence his judgment. Therefore, he adopts a compromise approach, pushing the two dovish members to the forefront to speak, and if the data later supports a return to rate cuts, he is likely to go along with it.

31.7.2025
这两句话基本上就好今这次利率决议鲍威尔的主要态度,鲍氏太极,尽力避免发出任何降息信号。今天鲍威尔记者要点:
1)现在就预期9月下调联邦基金利率还为时过早;
2)在关税和通胀仍充满不确定性的情况下,当前的利率水平是合适的;
3)政策变化的影响仍具不确定性,关税对通胀的影响将是短期的,但关税传导至价格的过程可能比之前预料的更慢,然而关税对通胀的影响已经开始显现,但要判断影响程度仍然太早:
4)就业市场并未走弱,但劳动力市场存在明显的下行市场。
个人觉得整体发言偏中性,没有提供实质性的政策指引(对部分同学来说预期落空),但也没有强硬的口吻(大家可以回看之前鲍威尔态度强硬时的表态口吻和语气),能看出来川普来自外部、沃勒和鲍曼来自内部的压力,鲍威尔有点进退维谷。同时再一次明确关税对通胀影响是一次性的,只是影响的程度和进程联储也不好判断。
我觉得值得关注的鲍威尔说是两位决议反对者(沃勒和鲍曼)在今明两天解释自己的意见,正常来说利率决议后联储理事们的对外讲话都是有讲究的,也是联储统一安排的。让两名决议反对者、支持降息的理事先发言为何支持降息,而不是让强硬派理事先发言为何还要继续按兵不动,感觉已经是鲍威尔在捍卫美联储独立性的名义下给川普最大的让步了。


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